{"product_id":"jain-tissue-culture-banana-plants","title":"Jain Tissue Culture Banana Plants","description":"\u003ch1 style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#FF0000\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:26px\"\u003eTissue Culture Banana Plants\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTissue culture means cloning and micro-propagation of tissues of the selected Elite plants and daughter suckers. The process consists of five important steps: Initiation, Multiplication, Shooting \u0026amp; rooting, Primary Hardening in green houses and Secondary Hardening in shade houses. Strict adherence to aseptic standards and micro-climatic conditions and care during the hardening process alone can ensure success.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Company has pioneered tissue culture of ‘Grand Nain’ variety of banana since 1994-95. The Jain Tissue Culture laboratory has successfully micro-propagated and sold over 2 million ‘Grand Nain’ banana plants with outstanding success. It is the largest Banana Tissue Culture laboratory in the country. The farmers have increased their productivity from an average of 12 kg to over 26 kg per bunch per year and have consecutively taken crops with two ratoons in about 30 months.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ctable align=\"Center\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"width:80%\"\u003e\n\t\u003ctbody\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.jains.com\/Agricultural%20services\/images\/tissue%20culture%20lab.jpg\" style=\"height:169px; width:217px\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.jains.com\/Agricultural%20services\/images\/banana%20gad1.jpg\" style=\"height:364px; width:264px\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.jains.com\/Agricultural%20services\/images\/banana%20nursery.jpg\" style=\"height:202px; width:258px\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n \n\n\u003ch1 style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color:#FF0000\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTissue Culture\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align:center\"\u003ePlant Jain Tissue Culture Banana, take Bumper Yield !!!\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Tissue Culture\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jains.com\/Tissue\/images\/tissue_main.jpg\" style=\"height:221px; width:143px\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is Tissue Culture ?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe propagation of a plant by using a plant part or single cell or group cell in a test tube under very controlled and hygienic conditions is called \"Tissue Culture\".\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatus in India\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBanana is a globally important fruit crop with 97.5 million tones of production. In India it supports livelihood of million of people. With total annual production of 16.91 million tones from 490.70 thousand ha., with national average of 33.5 T\/ha. Maharashtra ranks first in production with 60 T\/ha. Banana contributes 37% to total fruit production in India.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBanana is one of the major and economically important fruit crop of Maharashtra. Banana occupy 20% area among the total area under crop in India. Maharashtra ranks second in area and first in productivity in India. Jalgaon is a major Banana growing district in Maharashtra which occupy 50,000 hectares area under Banana. But most of Banana is grown by planting suckers. The technology development in agriculture is very fast, it results in developing Tissue Culture Technique.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgro Climate\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBanana is basically a tropical crop, grows well in temperature range of 13ºC – 38ºC with RH regime of 75-85%. In India this crop is being cultivated in climate ranging from humid tropical to dry mild subtropics through selection of appropriate varieties like Grandnaine. Chilling injury occurs at temperatures below 12ºC. The normal growth of the banana begins at 18ºC, reaches optimum at 27ºC, then declines and comes to a halt at 38ºC. Higher temperature causes sun scorching. High velocity wind which exceeds 80 km phrs damages the crop.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSoil\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSoil for banana should have good drainage, adequate fertility and moisture. Deep, rich loamy soil with pH between 6-7.5 are most preferred for banana cultivation. Ill drained, poorly aerated and nutritionally deficient soils are not suitable for banana. Saline solid, calcareous soil are not suitable for Banana cultivation. Avoided soil of low laying areas, very sandy \u0026amp; heavy black cotton with ill drainage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA soil that is not too acidic \u0026amp; not too alkaline, rich in organic material with high nitrogen content, adequate phosphorus level and plenty of potash are good for banana.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVarieties\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn India banana is grown under diverse conditions and production systems. Selection of varieties, therefore is based on a large number of varieties catering to various kinds of needs and situations. However, around 20 cultivars viz. Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta, Monthan, Poovan, Nendran, Red banana, Nyali, Safed Velchi, Basarai, Ardhapuri, Rasthali, Karpurvalli, Karthali and Grandnaine etc..\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eGrandnaine is gaining popularity and may soon be the most preferred variety due to its tolerance to biotic stresses and good quality bunches. Bunches have well spaced hands with straight orientation of figures, bigger in size. Fruit develops attractive uniform yellow colour with better self life \u0026amp; quality than other cultivars.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLand Preparation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to planting banana, grow the green manuring crop like daincha, cowpea etc. and burry it in the soil. The land can be ploughed 2-4 times and leveled. Use ratovator or harrow to break the clod and bring the soil to a fine tilt. During soil preparation basal dose of FYM is added and thoroughly mixed into the soil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe furrows to be open with help tractor for planting or prepared raised bed in heavy soil. Apply 20 kg of FYM (well decomposed), 250 gm of Neem cake and 20 gm of conbofuron per plant. Prepared pits are left to solar radiation helps in killing the harmful insects, is effective against soil borne diseases and aids aeration. In saline alkali soil where PH is above 8 Pit mixture is to be modified to incorporate organic matter.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAddition of organic matter helps in reducing salinity while addition of purlite improves, porosity and aeration. Alternative to planting in pits is planting in furrows. Depnding on soil strata one can choose appropriate method as well as spacing and depth at which plant is required to be planted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch1\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color:#FF0000\"\u003ePropagation of a plant by using a plant part or single cell or group cell in under very controlled and hygienic conditions is called Tissue Culture\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003ePlanting Material\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSword suckers weighing approximately 500-1000 gm are commonly used as propagating material. Suckers generally may be infected with some pathogens and nematodes. Similarly due to the variation in age and size of sucker the crop is not uniform, harvesting is prolonged and management becomes difficult.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, in-vitro clonal propagation i.e. Tissue culture plants are recommended for planting. They are healthy, disease free, uniform and authentic. Properly hardened secondary seedlings are only recommended for planting\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Life Cycle of Plant Tissue Culture\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jains.com\/Tissue\/images\/tissue1.jpg\" style=\"height:307px; width:365px\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e \u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAdvantages of Tissue Culture Planting Material\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\n\t\u003cp\u003eTrue to the type of mother plant under well management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\u003c\/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\n\t\u003cp\u003ePest and disease free seedlings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\u003c\/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\n\t\u003cp\u003eUniform growth, increases yield.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\u003c\/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\n\t\u003cp\u003eEarly maturity of crop - maximum land use is possible in low land holding country like India.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\u003c\/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\n\t\u003cp\u003eRound the year planting possible as seedlings are made available throughout the year.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\u003c\/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\n\t\u003cp\u003eTwo s uccessive ratoons are possible in a short duration which minimizes cost of cultivation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\u003c\/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\n\t\u003cp\u003eNo staggered harvesting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\u003c\/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\n\t\u003cp\u003e95% - 98% plants bear bunches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\u003c\/li\u003e\n\t\u003cli\u003e\n\t\u003cp\u003eNew varieties can be introduced and multiplied in a short duration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlanting Time\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePlanting of tissue culture Banana can be done throughout  the year except when the temperature is too low or too high. Facility of drip irrigation system is important. There are two important seasons in Maharashtra, India;\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMrig Baug (Kharif) Month of planting June - July.\u003cbr\u003e\nKande Baug (Rabi) Month of planting October - November.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n \n\n\u003cp\u003eBut Due to availiability of quality Planting material round the year planting is recmmonded execpt during very hot temperature in summer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCrop Geometry\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditionally banana growers plant the crop at 1.5m x 1.5m with high density, however plant growth and yields are poor because of competition for sunlight. Various trials are conducted at Jain Irrigation System R\u0026amp;D farm with Grandnaine as cultivar. And then suitable spacing of 1.82m x 1.52m is being recommended, it accommodates 1452 plants per acre (3630 plants per hectare) keeping row direction North-South with wide spacing 1.82m between the rows. The region like north India, coastal belt and where humidity is very high and temp falls down upto 5-7ºC, the planting distance should not be less than 2.1m x 1.5m.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Crop Geometry\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jains.com\/Tissue\/images\/crop%20geometry.jpg\" style=\"height:177px; width:253px\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCrop Geometry var. Grand Naine\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePlanting Method\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePolybags is separated from the plant without disturbing the root ball of the plant and then plants are planted in the pits keeping the pseudo-stem 2cm below the ground level. Soil around the plant is gently pressed. Deep planting should be avoided.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"Tissue Culture Lab\" src=\"http:\/\/www.jains.com\/Tissue\/images\/tissue2.jpg\" style=\"height:225px; width:300px\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWater Management\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBanana, a water loving plant, requires a large quantity of water for maximum productivity. But Banana roots are poor withdrawal of water. Therefore under Indian condition banana production should be supported by an efficient irrigation system like drip irrigation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWater requirement of banana has been worked out to be 2000mm per Annum. Application of drip irrigation and mulching technology has reported improved water use efficiency. There is saving of 56% of water and increasing yield by 23-32% under drip.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIrrigate the plants immediately after planting. Apply sufficient water and maintain field capacity. Excess irrigation will lead to root zone congestion due to removal of air from soil pores, thereby affecting plant establishment and growth. And hence drip method is must for proper water management in Banana\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ctable align=\"center\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"SPEC\" style=\"width:60%\"\u003e\n\t\u003ctbody\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMonth (Maug Baug)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eQty. (lpd.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMonth (Kande baug)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eQty. (lpd.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eJune\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e06\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eOctober\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e04-06\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eJuly\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e05\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eNovember\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e04\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eAugust\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e06\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eDecember\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e04\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eSeptember\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e08\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eJanuary\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e06\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eOctober\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10-12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eFebruary\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e08-10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eNovember\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMarch\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10-12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eDecember\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eApril\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e16-18\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eJanuary\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMay\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e18-20\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eFebruary\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eJune\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMarch\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e16-18\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eJuly\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eApril\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e20-22\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eAugust\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e14\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMay\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e25-30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eSeptember\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e14-16\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFertigation\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBanana requires high amount of nutrients, which are often supplied only in part by the soil. Nutrient requirement has been worked out on all India basis is to be 20 kg FYM, 200gm N; 60-70gm P; 300gm K\/plant. Banana requires heavy nutrition. Banana crop requires 7-8 Kg N, 0.7- 1.5 Kg P and 17-20 Kg K per metric tonne yield. Banana responds well to application of nutrients. Traditionally farmers use more of urea and less of phosphorous and potash.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn order to avoid loss of nutrients from conventional fertilizers i.e. loss of N through leaching, volatilization, evaporation and loss of P and K by fixation in the soil, application of water soluble or liquid fertilizers through drip irrigation (fertigation) is encouraged. A 25-30% increase in yield is observed using fertigation. Moreover, it saves labour and time and the distribution of nutrients is uniform.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchedule of Application\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe fertilizer schedule for tissue culture banana variety Grand Naine both in solid and water soluble form is given in the tables below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSolid fertilizer schedule for Grand Naine Banana\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n \n\n\u003ctable align=\"center\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"SPEC\" style=\"width:60%\"\u003e\n\t\u003ctbody\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003eTotal nutrient requirement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eN - 200 gm\/plant\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eP - 60-70 gm\/plant\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eK - 300 gm\/plant\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003eTotal quantity of fertilizer required per acre (Spacing 1.8 x 1.5 m; 1452 plants)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea (N)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eSSP (P)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMOP (K)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e431.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e375.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e500 gm\/plant\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e625.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e545.0\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e726 kg\/acre\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n \n\u003ctable align=\"center\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"SPEC\" style=\"width:60%\"\u003e\n\t\u003ctbody\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003ePeriod Application\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eSource\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eQuantity (gm \/ plant)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eAt the time of Planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eS.S.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"6\"\u003e30th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eS.S.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMicronutrient\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMgSO4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eSulphur\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003e60th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eS.S.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"6\"\u003e90th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e65\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eS.S.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMicronutrient\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eSulphur\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMgSO4\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e120th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e65\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e150th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e65\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e180th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e210th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e240th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e270th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e300th Day after planting\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eM.O.P.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSchedule is directive only and may change according to planting season and soil fertility status (Soil analysis)\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003cstrong\u003eSSP\u003c\/strong\u003e = Single Super Phosphate, \u003cstrong\u003eMOP\u003c\/strong\u003e = Muriate of Potash.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.jains.com\/Tissue\/images\/keli%20green.jpg\" style=\"height:223px; width:350px\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWater Soluble Solid fertilizers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSchedule of water soluble fertilizer application.\u003c\/p\u003e\n \n\n\u003ctable align=\"center\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"SPEC\" style=\"width:60%\"\u003e\n\t\u003ctbody\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003ePeriod\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eGrade\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eQty. per 1000 plants (Kg)\u003cbr\u003e\n\t\t\t every 4th day basis\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eTotal Qty.\u003cbr\u003e\n\t\t\t (Kg.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003eAfter planting upto 65 days\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e5.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e82.60\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e12:61:00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e2.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e40.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e00:00:50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e5.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e100.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eor Phosphoric Acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e1.50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"5\"\u003e65 to 135 days\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e6.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e120.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e12:61:00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e2.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e40.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e00:00:50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e5.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e100.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eor White Potash\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e6.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMagnesium Sulphate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e1.50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003e135 to 165 days\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e6.50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e65.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e00:00:50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e6.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e60.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eor White Potash\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e6.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003e165 to 315 days\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eUrea\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e3.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e150.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e00:00:50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e6.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e300.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eor White Potash\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e6.00\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSchedule is directive only and may change according to planting season and soil fertility status (soil analysis).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eApplication of Micronutrient in II\u003csup\u003end\u003c\/sup\u003e and IV\u003csup\u003eth \u003c\/sup\u003eMonth of Planting \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003ctable align=\"center\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"SPEC\" style=\"width:40%\"\u003e\n\t\u003ctbody\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eZinc sulphate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10 gms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eFerrom sulphate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10 gms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eMultiplex\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10 gms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003esulphur\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e10 gms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eBorax\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e3 gms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAlso apply 1 kg gypsom per plant in third month in black heavy soil only.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInterculture Operations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe Root system of banana is superficial and easily damaged by cultivation, use of intercrop which is not desirable. However short durational crops (45-60 days) like mung, cowpea, daincha are to be considered as green manuring crops. Crops from cucurbitaceous family should be avoided as these carry viruses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWeeding\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpraying of Glyphosate (Round up) before planting at the rate of 2 lit\/ha is carried out to keep the plantation weed free. One or two manual weedings are necessary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMicronutrient Foliar Spray\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCombined foliar application of ZnSo4 (0.5%), FcSo4 (0.2%), CuSo4 (0.2%) and H3Bo3 (0.1%) can be adopted to improve morphological, physiological and yield attributes of banana. The micronutrient spray solution is prepared by dissolving the following in 100 lit. of water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ctable align=\"center\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"SPEC\" style=\"width:60%\"\u003e\n\t\u003ctbody\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eZinc sulphate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e500 gm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"http:\/\/www.jains.com\/Tissue\/images\/%7D.jpg\" style=\"height:126px; width:43px\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003eFor every 100 litre of mixture 5-10ml of sticker solution such as\u003cbr\u003e\n\t\t\tTeepol should be added before spraying.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eFerrom sulphate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e200 gm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eCopper sulphate\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e200 gm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eBoric acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e100 gm\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSpecial Operations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThere are operation specific to banana crop which influence productivity and quality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesuckering\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRemoval of unwanted suckers is a critical operation in banana for reducing internal competition with mother plant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDesuckering should be done regularly until shooting. However in areas where ratoon is also taken for the second crop, a follower is allowed after inflorescence has appeared and this should be managed that planting space is not disturbed. Follower should be opposite to the inflorescence. It should not be far apart from the main plant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeflowering\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIt consists of removal of the withered style and perianth. This is generally not practiced. Therefore, they remain attached to the fruit bunch \u0026amp; then removed after harvesting which is damaging to the fruits. It is therefore suggested that you remove them just after flowering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePruning of leaves\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eRubbing leaves damages the fruit, therefore, such leaves should also be pruned during regular check. Older leaves and infected leaves also be pruned as required. Green leaves should not be removed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEarthing up\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eKeep the soil loose by harrowing from time to time. Earthing up should be done at 3-4 months after planting i.e. raising the soil level around the base of the plant by 10-12”. It is better to prepare a raised bed and keep the drip line on bed 2-3” away from the plant. It also helps to protect plants from wind damage and production losses to some extent..\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRemoval of male buds\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n(Denavelling) Removal of male buds helps fruit development and increases bunch weight. Male buds are removed from the last 1-2 small hands with a clean cut keeping a single finger in the last hand.\u003cbr\u003e\n \n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBunch Spray \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSpray of monocrotophos 2ml and Carbandarim 2gm in 1 liter of water. after emergence of all hands takes care of the thrips. Thrips attack discolors the fruit skin and makes it unattractive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBunch Covering\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eCovering bunch using dried leaves of the plant is economical and prevents the bunch from direct exposure to sunlight. Bunch cover enhances quality of fruit. But in rainy season this practice should be avoided.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSleeving of bunch is done to protect fruits against dust, spray residue, insect and birds. For this blue plastic sleeves are preferred. This also increases temperature around developing bunch and helps in early maturity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDehandling of false hands of bunch\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIn a bunch there are some incomplete hands which are not fit for quality produce. These hands should be removed soon after bloom. This helps in improving the weight of other hands. Sometimes the hand just above the false hand is also removed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePropping\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eDue to heavy weight of bunch the plant goes out of balance and the bearing plant may lodge and production and quality are adversely affected. Therefore they should be propped with the help of two bamboos forming a triangle by placing them against the stems on the leaning side. This also helps in uniform development of bunch.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePest and disease management\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eA large number of fungal, viral and bacterial diseases and insect pests and nematodes infest the banana crop and reduce production, productivity and quality. Summary details of major pest and diseases of banana along with control measures are given herewith:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ctable align=\"center\" border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"SPEC\" style=\"width:60%\"\u003e\n\t\u003ctbody\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eSno.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eName\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eSymptoms\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eControl measures\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePest\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003ei)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003eRhizome weevil \u003cstrong\u003e(Cosmopolites Sordidus)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Large creates network of galleries in rhizome and weakens the plant.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Use healthy planting material\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Sanitation in orchard\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Trapping of adult weevils using pseudostem or rhizome pieces and\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ed) Soil application of carbufuran @.2gm\/plant\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003eii)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\"\u003ePseudostem weevil \u003cstrong\u003e(Odaiporous longicolis)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cp\u003ea) Small holes on pseudostem with exudation of transparent gummy substance\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Management approach is identical to rhizome weevil\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Existence tunneling in leaf sheath and inner core of the stem\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Secondly, injection of lime solution (Monocrotophos 150 ml in 350 ml water) using stem injector 4 ft. above the ground level at 30º angle is recommended.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Abortion of bunches\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Use longitudinal split (30cm length) or disc on stump traps @ 100\/ha. Keep the split portion of tray facing the ground. Collected weevils are then killed.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eiii)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eThrips \u003cstrong\u003e(Chaetanaphotrips \u0026amp; signipennis \u0026amp; Heliaothrips kodaliphilus)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) They scrap from attacked plant organs and render them brown and discolored especially the fruits.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Spray or inject Monocrotophos @ 0.05% on the inflorescence before the unfurling of top most bract.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eiv)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003eFruit scarring battle \u003cstrong\u003e(Besilepta subcostatum)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Adults feed on tender unfolded leaves and fruits and cause scarring of skin\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Sanitation spray of 0.05% moncrotophos or 0.1% carbaryl on the heart of the plants immediately after the emergence of new foliage and during fruiting season is recommended.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Plant losses its vigour and quality of bunch is poor)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003ev)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eAphids \u003cstrong\u003e(Pentalonia nigronervosa)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) They are vecturs of banana bunchy top visus (BBTV) and can be seen as congregation under the leaf base of pseudo stem\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Spray of 0.1% monocrotophos or 0.03% phosphonidon on the leaves is effective\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003evi)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003eNematodes\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Stunted growth\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Apply corbofuron @40 gm per plant at planting \u0026amp; 4 month after planting.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Small leaves\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Cutted roots\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eb) Use neem cake as organic manure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ed) Purple black lesions on roots and their splitting.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Use merigold as trap crop.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFungal Diseases\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003evii)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003ePanama wilt \u003cstrong\u003e(Furarium oxysporium)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Yellowing of old leaves progressing\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Cultivation of resistant cultivar towards younger leaves. (Covendish group)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Affected leaves collapse near petiole and hang.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Trim and treat the suckers in 0.1% Bavistine before plant.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Pseudo stem splitting is common.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Apply bioagents like trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescence with organic manure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ed) Reddish brown discoloration in cross-section of root \u0026amp; rhizome\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ed) Keep good drainage and apply lot of organic manure in field.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003eviii\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003eHead rot (Erwinia carotovora)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Rotting of collar region and epinasty of leaves)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Use healthy planting material\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) On pulling out of affected plant, the plant topples from the collar region leaving the corn with root in soil\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) On opening up of collar region of affected plants, yellowish to reddish ooze can be seen.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Drench plants with 0.1% Emison followed by another drenching after 3 months.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ed) In early stage of infection, dark brown or yellow, water soaked areas in critical region which may decay to form cavities surrounded by dark spongy tissues.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Avoid planting in rocks and in poorly drained soils.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003eix)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"4\"\u003eSigatoka leaf spot (Mycospharella spp)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) It is characterized by small lesions on the leaves, the lesion become pale yellow to greenish yellow streaks visible from both the surfaces of leaf\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Remove infected leaves and destroy\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Thereafter linear brownish to blackish streaks appear.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) The centre of the streak eventually dries up and give appearance of eye spot.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Keep proper drainage and avoid water logging.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ed) Some times premature ripening is observed\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Spray dithane 2 gm\/ litre of water + mineral oil 10 ml\/ per litre\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eViral Diseases\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"7\"\u003ei)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"7\"\u003eBanana Bunchy Top Virus\u003cstrong\u003e(BBTV)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Appearance of irregular, dark green 'Morse code' streaks along secondary veins on leaves on underside of the leaves.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cp\u003ea)   Use virus free planting material i.e. Tissue Culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Survey and eradicate infected plants regularly.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eb) Leaf size is reduced and leaves remains abnormally erect, brittle and results.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Control insect vectors especially aphids and mealy bugs.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ed)   Indexing should be followed in the case of mass multiplication\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ec) Leaves short, close to each other, and bunched at the top\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ee)   Prohibit movement of any plant part from diseased area to healthy area.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ed) The tips of the bracts in male buds have greenish.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ef)   Use resistant cultivar.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ee) Virus is spread through aphids.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003eg)   Avoid growing of alternate lost as mixed crop or in near by areas.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eii)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eBanana Cucumber Mosaic Virus\u003cstrong\u003e (CMV)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Chlorosis with mild chlorotic streaks along the veins they never turn necrotic as in BSV.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Elimination of affected plants and maintenance of disease free plantation through the use of disease free planting material i.e. Tissue culture seeding.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eiii)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cp\u003eBanana Bract Mosaic Virus\u003cstrong\u003e (BBMV)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Presence of spindle shaped pinkish to reddish streaks on pseudo stem, mid ribs, petioles and lamina.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea)   Use of disease free planting material i.e. Tissue culture seeding.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\t\u003ctr\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eiv)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003eBanana Streak Virus \u003cstrong\u003e(BSV)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Presence of inconspicuous chlorotic flecking to small lethal systematic necrosis, and includes yellow, brown and black streaking, cigar leaf necrosis, based pseudo stem splitting internal internal pseudo stem necrosis and formation of small deformed bunches.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003ctd\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003cdiv\u003ea) Use of disease free planting material i.e. Tissue culture seedings.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\t\t\t\u003c\/td\u003e\n\t\t\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\t\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTo control all the viruses use of virus inefesced tissue culture plants is important.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHarvesting \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBanana should be harvested at the physiological maturity stage for better post harvest quality. The fruit is climacteric and can reach consumption stage after ripening operation\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaturity indices\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThese are established on the basis of fruit shape, angularity, grade or diameter of the median figure of the second hand, starch content and number of days that have elapsed after flowering. Market preferences can also affect the decision for harvesting a slight or full mature fruit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRemoval of bunch\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBunch should be harvested when figures of second hand from top are 3\/4 rounded with the help of sharp sickle 30cm above the first hand. Harvest may be delayed upto 100-110 days after opening of the first hand. Harvested bunch should generally be collected in well padded tray or basket and brought to the collection site. Bunches should be kept out of light after harvest, since this hastens ripening and softening.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor local consumption, hands are often left on stalks and sold to retailers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eFor export, hands are cut into units of 4-16 fingers, graded for both length and girth, and carefully placed in polylined boxes to hold different weight depending on export requirements.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePost harvest operations\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eAt collection site injured and over mature fruits are discarded and for local market bunches should be delivered through lorries or wagons. However, for more sophisticated and export market where the quality is predominant, bunches should be dehanded, fruits are cleared in running water or dilute sodium hypochlorite solution to remove the latex and treated with thiobendasole; air dried and graded on the basis of size of fingers as already stated, packed in ventilated CFB boxes of 14.5 kg capacity or as per requirement with polythene lining and pre-cooled at 13-15ºC temperature and at 80-90% RH.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eSuch material should than be sent under cool chain at 13ºC for marketing\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYield\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe planted crop gets ready for harvest within 11-12 months of planting. First ratoon crop would be ready by 8-10 month from the harvesting of the main crop and second ratoon by 8-9 months after the second crop.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThus over a period to 28-30 months, it is possible to harvest three crops i.e. one main crop and two ratoon crops. Under drip irrigation combined with Fertigation yield of Banana as high as 100 T\/ha can be obtained with the help of tissue culture technique, even similar yield in the ratoon crops can be achieved if the crop is managed well.\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003c\/p\u003e\n","brand":"KisanEStore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":48024850170106,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"INR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0759\/7244\/4410\/files\/banana_20tissue.jpg?v=1764359739","url":"https:\/\/kisanestore.com\/te\/products\/jain-tissue-culture-banana-plants","provider":"KISANeSTORE","version":"1.0","type":"link"}